New Article Reveals the Low Down on Narrative Essay Example Topics and Why You Must Take Action Today

New Article Reveals the Low Down on Narrative Essay Example Topics and Why You Must Take Action Today You can proceed and ask somebody else to go through your essay so that you receive an original look at it. The notion of a compelling first-person narration isn't the just one. Every time that you are requested to tell a story you're predicted to think of new, fresh ideas. From time to time, it's simpler to learn from your own or somebody else's experience. Some of the most important platforms in internet communication are sites including Facebook and Twitter. Narrative essays are told from a defined point of view, frequently the author's, therefore there's feeling and specific and frequently sensory details supplied to find the reader involved with the elements and sequence of the story. There's no need to discover extraordinary stories to compose a narrative essay that's interesting to read. So, it's a remarkable foundation for assorted epic stories! Telling a story isn't always simple and telling a good story is even harder. A superior engaging story is dependent on words. The cost of an essay rides on the total amount of effort the writer has to exert. Give a concise introduction of all of the people that you write about including yourself. Finally, have a look at your list and choose which idea you are able to write most strongly about. There are lots of sites which charge a huge amount for essay writing service. There's more than 1 approach to compose a narrative essay. Despite the first impression, it is not the easiest of all assignments. The very good narrative essay demands enough moment. A personal narrative essay is just one of the greatest tools to stop social issues which are often disregarded. If you're looking for one, below is a list of topic that might help you in your narrative essay. Deciding upon the correct topic may be true problem, but we are here in order to get you inspired. Curriculum proposal topics is a means to try. Deciding on the topic for your essay might be the hardest part. The Hidden Truth About Narrative Essay Example Topics As a consequence, the choice of topic doesn't matter as the writer should keep in mind that everything is under his control in a narrative essay. In most cases, your teacher will provide you with an opportunity to pick the subject all on your own. Therefore, unless your mentor or professor assigned you a particular subject, the decision of making up a good topic is your choice. So unless he assigned you a specific subject the decision of coming up with a great topic is up to you. Keep in mind that even though narrative essays seem a very simple undertaking, it remains an assignment that should be ready on time. Just be c ertain you're following your instructor's guidelines and understand how to construct a narrative essay from starting to end. Don't forget that a narrative essay is a good chance not just to improve grades without a need to finish a research but also a chance to find more regarding your classmates, their life situations and stories. Inside my experience, descriptive essays are only difficult in regards to deciding just what things to write about. In the end, use outside sources to help you have the very best result possible. At times it can be hard to write really intriguing and exciting essay of the very good quality. Think of what steps you took to locate a solution. You may have a content from it. Be mindful of the size it must be and begin writing the narrative essay outline. Based on the duration of the essay, several body paragraphs will be different. With a profound sample, you'll be more mindful of what topic is more inclined to connect with your readers and what's going to miss the target. The relevance to the principal statement you make should be quite very clear. A narrative essay isn't just an overview of your experience, but in addition it gives your thoughts on the background you're depicting and enables your reader to produce a conclusion. Include any personal reflections you may have concerning the topic you're writing about. Edit your narrative when you have completed your narrative, ensure you revise it. Sometimes, however, a narrative isn't about such essential topics.

The Presence Of Psychological Disorders - 1431 Words

The presence of psychological disorders in a character can increase complexity and a deeper understanding of the cast. Throughout the play of Hamlet, a few of the characters display signs and symptoms of various mental disorders. Hamlet and Ophelia’s characters and actions provide sufficient evidence to suggest the presence of various disorders such as major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, madness and borderline personality disorder. In the play Hamlet, many unfortunate events happen to the main character which could have lead to the development of major depressive disorder. Hamlet’s father died at the hand of his uncle, that same uncle marries his mother, an apparition of his father asks for him to get revenge, and Hamlet’s immediate†¦show more content†¦The main love interest of Hamlet, Ophelia, displays some symptoms of major depressive disorder that include sadness, thoughts of suicide that lead to a supposed suicide attempt, and hopelessness. Ophelia likely developed this disorder from dealing with a very unstable relationship and losing her father. She shows her sadness when she sings of a story that likely resembles her own about a young girl, tricked into losing her virginity. The betrayal Ophelia feels has happened by Hamlet’s hand destroys her happiness and she then sings to the court about her feelings. A short while after this, she returns to court and sings about her fat her’s death. â€Å"No, no, he is dead . . . He never will come again. His beard was as white as snow, he is gone, he is gone, and we cast away moan, God ha mercy on his soul†(Shakespeare 117). Distraught by the news of her father, Ophelia sings multiple verses about her father’s untimely demise and lack of hope which points to her immense sadness indicating depression. Furthermore, a major indication of her mood disorder is her successful suicide attempt, even though the manner of Ophelia’s death remains uncertain by most characters in the play. â€Å"Is she to be buried in Christian burial when she willfully seeks her own salvation†(Shakespeare 127)? The gravedigger asks an unknown person this as he debates on whether he should dig Ophelia a grave or not because giving a Christian burial toShow MoreRelatedObsessive Compulsive Disorder ( Ocd )1321 Words   |  6 PagesRebecca Howell In the field of Psychology there are a number of psychological disorders as well categories in which these disorders are placed. Psychological disorders are categorized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; the manual is now in its fifth edition, which is known as the DSM-5. In the DSM-5, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder is categorized with other compulsive disorders. 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It is predicted that alcohol abuse affects individual physically, emotionally, and psychologically. Although some psychological, physical and economical effects may occur with both, alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence (alcoholism) for the purpose of this paper the alcohol abuse is the main focus. Introduction Alcohol abuse is a serious disease that impacts individualRead MoreCase Study Abnormal Psychology951 Words   |  4 PagesCase Study Name: Institution: Date: Case Study Abnormal behavior relates to the influence of psychological factors, biological factors as well as the social factors referring to inadequate relationships. In the face of diverse definition, abnormal behavior refers to the deviating from norm, which norm is the typical behavior or characteristic of the population. As such, Jim behavior is abnormal because it violates moral and conventional mores of the society (Violates societal standards)Read MoreInterpersonal Theory Of Suicide And Suicide1275 Words   |  6 Pagesengaging in suicidal behaviour such as loss, history of mental disorder and environmental factors. There are also many theories of suicide that integrate these established risk factors such as the interpersonal theory of suicide. The interpersonal theory of suicide was developed by psychologist Thomas Joiner. This theory attempts to understand the reasoning behind in suicidal behaviour. According to the theory, â€Å"the simultaneous presence of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness produceRead MoreEating Disorders in Sports1405 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction General Background The occurrence of eating disorders are a serious problem worldwide. A major problem with this disease, abnormal eating behaviour that can threaten your health or even your life,(1) is that the mortality prevalence rates are highest among those who are not under professional care: per 100 000 females, 370 die suffering from Anorexia Nervosa and 1500 women with Bulimia die.(2) The worldwide prevalence of eating disorders among athletes, 0-19% for men, and 6-45% for women,Read MoreThe Other Day, While Visiting Relatives1503 Words   |  7 Pagesbut mental health as well, the everyday use of many psychological terms and labels, that could be a part of diagnosis, has become more frequent. Terms like â€Å"bipolar,† â€Å"OCD,† â€Å"ADD,† â€Å"ADHD,† â€Å"depression,† and many more, have made its way into the language used in media and everyday life. While it is important for the society to be aware of the real presence of mental disorders, just as any other health issue, in our society, the use of psychological terminology on a broad scale has some disadvantagesRead MoreEssay on Anxiety Disorder and the Different Types677 Words   |  3 Pagesseveral disorders. These disorders cause fear, worry, panic and apprehension. Anxiety is different from fear to the extent that it is a reaction to an anticipated problem and fear is a reaction to a present problem or danger. The fear, worry, panic and apprehension caused by anxiety disorders are out of proportion. People suffering from an anxiety disorder have difficulties coping with certain situations in life; anxiety disorders disrupts their life. Some of them seek for psychological therapiesRead MoreDepression Is A Mood Disorder Which Prevents Individuals824 Words   |  4 PagesDepression is a mood disorder which prevents individuals from leading a normal life, at work socially or within their family. Depression also known as Major Depressive Disorder (MMD) is a common and serious medical illness that negatively affects how you feel, the way you think and how you act, but it’s mental disorder is characterized by a pervasive and persistent low mood that is accompanied by low self-esteem and by a loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities. Depression affectsRead MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Violence1411 Words   |  6 Pagesor intolerable to others as a part of the regular sequence of power and the domination executed by one confidant companion to the other. The patterns of domestic violence usually comprise of the sexual violence, abusing the partner emotionally, psychological assault, and the physical violence. It is dramatic that how the severity and the frequency of the occurrences of the domestic violence varies, though the regular effort of one partner to assert control and power over the other partner is a constant

Learning Basic Macroeconomics

Question: Discuss about the Learning Basic Macroeconomics. Answer: Introduction: The clamorous objective of the government of any economy is to ensure the existence of stability within the nation. The necessary and sufficient condition for stability within an economy is to attain equilibrium (Hubbard O'Brien, 2015). The term equilibrium has been adopted from physics and is largely used in economics literature. It is a Latin word, which means the condition where the two main opposing forces interact to achieve a state where none of the power of these forces gets nullified and none can influence the situation (Mankiw, 2014). It economic, equilibrium is the state where the nation gets its optimal quantity of goods produced at the price where the supply of goods gets balanced with the demand for the same. Through this write-up the ways in which any government can intervene and bring the market restore equilibrium within the society has been elucidated. While doing so a brief synopsis of the theories like short run, long run, aggregate demand and aggregate supply has been incorporated. The different types of equilibrium has also been highlighted to understand the way in which it can attain or regain stability if its lost. The role of government in such a situation has also been focused. Economic Theories and its Analysis: Equilibrium in economics is attainable through the process of competition either in free market or in market regulated by the government. The equilibrium can be categorized into several types depending on the nature of occurrence. They can be static or dynamic in nature. Also they are categorized as partial and general equilibrium (Smith, 2015). Along with these four types there is existence of unstable and stable equilibrium. This answer tries to find out the conditions necessary for obtaining static equilibrium. It is a situation where the economy does not deviate from its optimal position and even if it deviate the forces enacts amongst them-selves to restore the level of equilibrium. There are three categorization of market within the economy namely, financial market, product market and labor market. The global stability is ensured when there is smooth functioning and equilibrium in all these three markets. The AD curve has been derived from the famous CKM theory of IS-LM model. The AD-AS curve theory has been punned to explain the long term stability of the market (Rao, 2016). Notion of Aggregate Demand: The demand generated by the consumers within an economy is known as aggregate demand. The AD curve shows the willingness of the entire nation to pay a price for some particular goods and services at varied price level. This downward sloping curve passes through the points where the actual and planned expenditure coincides (Mankiw, 2014). Notion of Aggregate Supply: The economys total production of goods supplied at a particular time is known as the aggregate supply of the economy. The supply curve can be divided into three parts namely the horizontal flat line (Keynesian), the upwards rising part and the vertical part (Classical theory). In the long run it is assumed to be vertical in nature (Rao, 2016). Short-Run Equilibrium: In economics, the term short-run has been interpreted as the phenomenon where at-least one of the components involved in production is fixed. In general, capital has always been assumed to be the fixed factor (Gillespie, 2014). Interaction of the economic components in the short run is as follows: The figure above shows that the short-run equilibrium is attained at the point where the AD and AS curve meets. The market generated price and quantity is at P and Y respectively. Due to some event it may so happen that the aggregate demand increase. It leads to an outward shift of the demand curve, as shown by shift from AD to AD1 here. Since, it is the short-run and capital is the fixed factor of input thereby theres no change in the net supply and the AS curve. Therefore, the economy gets a new equilibrium at the intersection of AS and AD1 where the price level is P1 and output produced is Y1. The shift in AD resulted in increased level of output as well as increase in the price level. Under this circumstance, the government may face a dilemma of choosing a proper policy as increased output level is always desirable but increase in the price level is not. As inflation is a plague for the economy, hence the government has to intervene and reduce the pressure on price level thereby balancing the economy (Ireland, 2014). Long-Run Equilibrium: The long run is that period of time where all the factors of production are variable and production takes place at optimum level by ensuring the economy is at its natural level of employment (Hubbard O'Brien, 2015). The figure below can help in elucidating the ways in which equilibrium is achieved. According to this figure it can be seen that initially equilibrium was at the intersecting point of the three curves namely, AD, LRAS and SRAS. It has been seen in the short run that if the AD curve shifts outward a new equilibrium is formed. Here even if the demand curve shifts outward there is going to be an increase in the price level. On other hand, the quantity of goods available is not going to increase since the equilibrium is already using its resources optimally in the long run (Snarr, 2014). Hence, with these restricted supply and high price the AD curve has to shift backward from AD1 to AD, to the level where it can intersect the SRAS and LRAS at a single point. In case of any problem the government takes up measures with the direct and indirect tool namely, the fiscal policy and the monetary policy respectively. Since, the equilibrium gets re-stored in the long-run hence it is termed as stable equilibrium of the economy (Del Negro, Giannoni, Schorfheide, 2015). Conclusion: The above description can be wrapped up by stating that equilibrium is attained whenever the three different types of markets are individually in equilibrium. There is a possibility of distortion in the market under short run. A new equilibrium may be attainable under that scenario. But in long run the equilibrium is fixed at a particular point and digression from the same may initially dampen the economy but it gradually gets restored or forced to get re-stored with the government intervention. Hence, the government has a major role in maintaining the economic balance by ensuring natural rate of employment and low inflation rate within the economy in long-run. Bibliography Del Negro, M., Giannoni, M. P., Schorfheide, F. (2015). Inflation in the Great Recession and New Keynesian Models. American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics , 168-196. Gillespie, A. (2014). Foundations of economics. Oxford University Press, USA. Hubbard, R. G., O'Brien, A. P. (2015). Macroeconomics. Pearson. Ireland, P. (2014). The Classical Theory of Inflation and Its Uses Today. Mankiw, N. G. (2014). Principles of macroeconomics. Cengage Learning. Rao, B. (2016). Aggregate demand and supply: a critique of orthodox macroeconomic modelling. Springer. Smith, J. (2015). Information equilibrium as an economic principle. Snarr, H. W. (2014). Learning Basic Macroeconomics: A Policy Perspective from Different Schools of Thought. Business Expert Press.

The Demarcation Issue free essay sample

The boundary between science and pseudo science, better known as the demarcation issue has been in debate for decades between philosophers of science in order to find the basis on which this separation can exist. The likes of Karl Popper initially introduced the demarcation criterion called falsificationism which states that falsifiability is the logical possibility that an assertion can be shown false by an observation or a physical experiment[l] and it was on this beginning that Popper was able to make the distinctive separation of science from pseudoscience. However f Poppers approach was taken into consideration, many scientific discoveries would have been impoverished, since the theory behind the discovery would have been deemed a pseudoscience due to the lack of proof and experimentation supporting it. Paul Thagard, Imre Lakatos and Thomas Kuhn are some of the strongest opponents of the model of falsificationism. Poppers demarcation has been critisized for its disregard for legitimate science and for allowing pseudoscience the eminence of a science. We will write a custom essay sample on The Demarcation Issue or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This essay contrasts the ideologies of Karl Popper with the 3 philosophers ith regards to certain scientific discoveries which consequently reveal the inadequacy of falsificationism as a demarcation criterion. Karl Popper described the demarcation problem as the key to most of the fundamental problems in the philosophy of science. [2]The scientific revelation that contradicts Poppers proposal is Isaac newtons concept of gravity. Gravity through newtons explanation is an invisible, mass less, attractive force between objects that have mass. [3] It is what keeps humans on earth and the earths orbiting of the sun. With regards to Popper he theory of gravity is in fact a pseudoscience since it is simply a question of how can one undergo a physical experiment or observation in which newtons theory of gravitation can be refuted? The lack of proof to support this theory is the principle of Poppers disregard to gravitation as a scientific discovery. On the contrary, Paul Thagard disapproval of Poppers ideology is prominently seen here, as Popper so hastily disregards the theory of gravitation. Thagards approach states that a scientific theory is deemed a pseudoscience if it has been less progressive than lternate theories over a long period of time and thus solves many unsolved problems. [4] His thesis does not neglect experiments altogether. Accordingly a theory us only considered a pseudoscience if it is left to stagnate thus portraying minimal progression in comparison to alternatively proposed theories. When this is compared to Poppers idea of separation between science and pseudoscience, regardless if a theory is falsifiable Thagard implies that if progress is not made and it is left to degenerate it only then is namely a pseudoscience. Therefore we should ake newtons law of gravitation into consideration. Although there is little confirmation that gravity at all exists, the mere fact that it has made significant scientific progression and hence was later used as a foundation of other scientific manifestations. With reference to Thagards proposal, newtons law of gravitation is appraised a science. Evidently Poppers falsificationism criterion would have in fact delayed crucial scientific progression due to its strict paradigm as opposed to Thagards neglect of the intrinsic features of a theory. And hence promotes a more alsificationism as demarcation criterion. The history of science from Kuhns view paints a picture very different from that of positivists like Karl Popper, he criticises Poppers idea and states that his falsifiability criteria fails to characterise science as it is actually practice. Kuhns proposed thesis suggests that true scientific practice consists of puzzle solving with the current accepted theory, by contrast pseudoscience do not provide this framework for progressive research. There are more difference between Popper and Kuhns ideologies on the methods of alsificationism, where Popper argues that the hallmark of science is its decisive approach and thus always trying to falsify itself. Kuhn on the other hand asserts quite the opposite it is when everybody agrees on the basic theories that the scientific discovery will rise from the ground. For instance, Kuhn and Popper are critical of whether or not astrology is a science. From Poppers perspective it cannot be, since the claims astrologers present are very vague and nothing can be refuted. Kuhn on the other hand suggests that astrologers have actually acknowledged many ailed predictions and that these failures were much explained. The exact configuration of constantly moving stars and planets as well as the exact time of a persons birth is too difficult to calculate perfectly. [5] If this was viewed in a much simpler analogy, the factors that contribute to lung cancer are too complex to determine, that we cant actually predict with uttermost certainty that smoker will definitely get cancer, however it is still correct to say that smoking causes cancer and that medical studies of smoking and lung cancer are scientific. For that reason is its lear that Poppers demarcation of science and pseudoscience is not effective. Imre Lakatos attempted to explain Kuhns work in falsificationists terms by arguing that science progresses by the falsification of research programs rather than specific universal statements of naive falsification. In Lakatoss approach a scientists works in a research program which corresponds to Kuhns paradigm. Whereas Popper rejected the use of ad hoc hypothesis as scientific, Lakatos acknowledged their position in the development of new theories. Furthermore the discovery made by Thompson that all matter presents both wave and particle like features[6] is another scientific discovery that has created conflict between the views of Popper and Imre Lakatos. Light was always believed to delineate wave like characteristics, however when Thompson first revealed that in fact matter could exhibit both types of properties the original theory was considered a pseudoscience. The stringent standard of falsification does not allow for any error to occur within theories. In fact falsificationism does not question the reliability and validity of the experimental ethods and whether or not they were carried out correctly, but rather objects to the theory itself. Additonally if we were to examine Lakatoss proposal on the demarcation issue, he states that scientists do not give on a theory because some counter evidence is found. Instead either the evidence is put into question or the same ad hoc hypothesis is appealed to for rescue. [4] From Lakatos thesis of separation, Thompsons claim is considered a science for the reason that he not only made an ad hoc hypothesis but rather was able to further prove that light also xhibited particle features. All through his paddle wheel and Maltese cross experiments and wave like features thoroughly through the use of a magnetic field. proven false based on observation and experimentation indicates its inadequacy as a demarcation criterion as it does not adhere to the wave particle scientific theory. Poppers ideologies suggest that a theory is a pseudoscience if it cannot be refuted. The demarcation that separates the two sciences is built on a very distinctive basis for the remaining philosophers. Analysis of Newtonians ideas suggest that the latter iscoveries would have been delayed since there were many attempts to falsify Netwons theories. Which in turn would have belated the findings of Neptune and prevented the progression of the kinetic theory of gases. Consequently the establishment of the quantum theory would also have ceased to exist since the understanding of mechanics would have been disregarded had Poppers idea of falsificationism and demarcation were taken into account. All these scientific revelations have led to great inventions and further scientific advancements. The quantum theories through mathematical laws were in fact able to provide scientists he reasons for the way in which a black body radiates heat[6]. According to Popper the only way that science can advance is when one conjectures then another refutes. If there is no refute or it is considered insufficient then it is not taken into consideration as scientific progression. If this approach was to be followed a great deal of knowledge would be lost as Popper doesnt allow time for a theory to prove its accuracy. It is there evident that falsificationism is not adequate as a demarcation criterion. Scientists will go to great lengths to defend their paradigm against alsification, by the addition of ad hoc hypothesis to existing theories. Paul Thagard, Thomas Kuhn and Imre Lakatos are the strongest adversaries of the theory of falsificationism which provides the indication that there is still much philosophical work to be done on the demarcation between science and pseudoscience. Falsificationism is inadequate as a demarcation criterion as it hastily disregards theories presented without giving them the time to prove their validity. Also it has been criticised for disregarding Justifiable science and for giving pseudoscience the status of being science.

DMX Compare and Contrast essays

DMX Compare and Contrast essays Earl Simmons, better known to the rap world as DMX or Dark Man X has released four albums since his debut in 1998. His style of rap has been compared to rappers such as Tupac Shakur and kept him atop the rap music charts. His songs have earned him several musical nominees such as Grammys and MTV Music Awards nominees. His musical prowess and complex story telling wound up with tight beats have progressed since his first album in 1998. His first album entitled Its Dark and Hell is Hot and his fourth and latest album released in late 2001 entitled The Great Depression are two examples of how great his work is and praised. DMXs songs have been atop the musical charts such as Billboard. His first album was released in1998 and was entitled Its Dark and Hell is Hot. His musical prowess and complex story telling earned him a spot atop the Billboard music charts with hits such as Ruff Ryders Anthem and Hows It Goin Down. One music review describes, Its Dark and Hell is Hot as A complex portrait of an MC whos spent the last 15 years thinking long and hard about how to come across on wax. (Lewis) DMXs forth album The Great Depression was released in late 2001 with great expectations. This album too produced chart toppers with songs such as We Right Here, Who We Be and I Miss You. This album, though highly praised only received three stars by Rolling Stone while Its Dark and Hell is Hot received four stars by Rolling Stone. (Lewis) DMXs musical prowess and enchanting storytelling by music have progressed through the years. Its Dark and Hell is Hot is an album that shows the tough times this rapper went through to be where he is now. In the Song entitled Stop Being Greedy he cast himself as a ...

The Traps of the If-Then-Else Statement in Delphi Code

The Traps of the If-Then-Else Statement in Delphi Code In Delphi, the if statement is used to test for a condition and then execute sections of code based on whether that condition is True or False. A general if-then-else statement looks like this: if condition then true block else false block; Both the true block and the false block can either be a simple statement or a structured statement (surrounded with a begin-end pair). Example of a Nested If-Then-Else Statement Lets consider one example using nested if statements: j : 50; if j 0 then   Ã‚  if j 100 then Caption : Number is 100!else   Ã‚  Caption : Number is NEGATIVE!;v What will be the value of Cation? Answer: Number is NEGATIVE! Did not expect that? Note that the compiler does not take your formatting into account, you could have written the above as: j : 50; if j 0 thenif j 100 then Caption : Number is 100!else Caption : Number is NEGATIVE!;v or even as (all in one line): j : 50; if j 0 then if j 100 then Caption : Number is 100!else Caption : Number is NEGATIVE!;v The ; marks the end of a statement. The compiler will read the above statement as: j : 50; if j 0 then   Ã‚  if j 100 then   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Caption : Number is 100!   Ã‚  else   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Caption : Number is NEGATIVE!; or to be more precise: j : 50; if j 0 thenbegin   Ã‚  if j 100 then   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Caption : Number is 100!   Ã‚  else   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Caption : Number is NEGATIVE!; end; Our ELSE statement will be interpreted as a part of the inner IF statement. The inner statement is a closed statement and doesnt need a BEGIN..ELSE. How to Fix To make sure you know how your nested if statements are treated by the compiler, and to fix the above problem, you can write the initial version as: j : 50; if j 0 then   Ã‚  if j 100 then Caption : Number is 100! elseelse   Ã‚  Caption : Number is NEGATIVE!; Uh! The ugly else ends the nested if line!? Does compile, does work! The best solution is: always use begin-end pairs with nested if statements: j : 50; if j 0 thenbegin   Ã‚  if j 100 then Caption : Number is 100!;endelsebegin   Ã‚  Caption : Number is NEGATIVE!; end Too much begin-end pairs for you? Better safe than sorry. Anyway, Code Templates are designed to add commonly used skeleton structures to your source code and then fill in. Article submitted by Marcus Junglas

PERSONAL PSYCHONALYSIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

PERSONAL PSYCHONALYSIS - Essay Example She did not receive much of an education, finally receiving her GED while I was in the 8th grade, and ultimately still struggles with the idea of being a grandmother. I am currently continuing my education at age forty without much encouragement from her; she feels as though I should bet a â€Å"real† job like my sister. However, I will begin my life story from the beginning. My mother was a single mother who had four children of whom I am the oldest. We are each from different Biological fathers but were all adopted by the man who we have always known as our father, when I was nine years old. This man was truly a source of love and inspiration for me, though he is now deceased. I have often been told that I look a great deal like him and that at times I resemble him in actions and mannerisms. He was quite musically inclined and was also a retiree of the US AIR force. I feel that he has left a permanent impression on me and will always be missed. In high school, I was a cheerleader with an outgoing and jovial demeanor. I suffered however from bulimia nervosa, and was hospitalized because of it. Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder which is characterized by bingeing and purging behaviors, with the most purging behaviors generally consisting of induced vomiting, fasting, laxatives, enemas, diuretics, and over exercising. This disease dominated my life from the ages of fourteen till sixteen. I did not date until after I left home. While my friends were out having fun, I worked in the fields at home. I did not attend my own prom. Throughout my childhood and teens, the answer to almost every question asked of my mother was â€Å"because I said so†. This left me feeling frequently frustrated and even ignored. During my teen years, my grandmother became rather ill, requiring my grandparents to move in with us. My grandmother and I shared a bed until one night when she passed away in her sleep. I feel that my mother

Recent Credit Problems in the Financial Markets Essay

Recent Credit Problems in the Financial Markets - Essay Example Certainly, since then, this crisis gave way to far-reaching alterations in the Western economies. Still a wide range of questions remain unanswered. People still doubt as to the possible outcome of the integration of international economies and the potential limitations of the free market system in the times to come (Larry, Teather & Treanar 2010). During the beginning of the credit crunch in the financial markets, commoners and experts doubted as to the validity of the capitalism in a highly globalized and interdependent world (Larry, Teather & Treanar 2010). The effigies of bankers were put to flame in mass protests. The skyrocketing interest rates in the United States pushed many middle-class homeowners affiliated to sub-prime mortgages to default on their financial commitments towards their lenders. The news eventually spread like a raging and uncontrollable wildfire as the banks and financial institutions desperately cringed from extending further loans. The statutory bodies and organizations started to pump massive funds into their economies to breach the fast-widening crisis of trust in the financial markets. The small investors begin queuing before the local bank branches to withdraw their savings and investments at the earliest. The situation was marked by a sense of chaos, right from the domestic kitchens to the plush offices of the top-notch banks.The ramifications of the drying up of credit sources were immense. Banks and financial institutions collapsed like packs of cards.

The benefits associated with exercising Essay Example for Free

The benefits associated with exercising Essay 1. Exercising lowers your risk for disease There’s no question losing weight is good for your health, and kicking your fitness up a notch has even greater benefits. Regular exercise has been shown to boost mood and banish anxiety, and lower your risk for stroke, Type 2 diabetes and certain types of cancer. It can also help you fall asleep quicker, and into a deeper sleep (just don’t exercise too close to bedtime). All great reasons to get your body moving on a daily basis! * It burns off blood sugar Recent Czech research showed that three months’ strength training improved insulin sensitivity in men with insulin resistance. A British study confirmed that exercise was linked to reduced metabolic syndrome—and that people who were unfit to start with benefited even more from the physical activity than those who were reasonably fit when they started. * It controls weight Exercise burns calories so you lose, or at least don’t gain, weight. A recent study showed that among people whose BMI averaged 41 (that’s morbidly obese) those who lost just 7 percent of their body weight through regular exercise regained healthy blood pressure and triglyceride levels, and the inflammation in their arteries dropped by between a quarter and a third, even though their BMI still averaged 38 (still too high). Numerous studies have confirmed that you don’t need to be skinny to be physically fit. * It cuts total cholesterol The major and most important effect of exercise is to raise levels of â€Å"good† cholesterol, thus reducing total cholesterol levels. An international review of multiple studies revealed that adding exercise to a weight-loss diet not only raised the good cholesterol but also increased the benefits of the weight-loss program and reduced triglycerides and blood pressure. * It reduces your heart rate Every 60 seconds, the average couch potato’s heart beats 70 to 75 times. An active person’s heart, on the other hand, is so strong that it can pump the same amount of blood in only 50 beats. That’s 36,000 fewer beats every day and 13 million fewer by the end of just one year. Exercise strengthens your heart and saves it having to work at a higher rate all the time. * It breaks bad habits In a study of 280 women, U.S. researchers found that those who gave up smoking were twice as likely to stay smoke-free—and gained half as much weight—as those who gave up without exercising. * It lifts stress and sadness The positive effects of exercise on mood were demonstrated in a British study where sedentary adults were randomly assigned to moderate intensity aerobic exercise, stretching exercises or none at all, for 12 weeks. Those in the moderate intensity group reported reduced tension, anxiety and confusion. The others did not. Additionally, a Berlin study revealed that just 30 minutes a day of exercise can be more effective than antidepressant drugs in treating depression. Exercise stimulates the brain to produce endorphins—the body’s â€Å"feel good† hormones. It has two other advantages: it acts immediately and has few harmful or dangerous side effects. * It could save your life According to the World Health Organization, inactivity causes 2 million deaths worldwide annually and is a major factor in breast and colon cancer, diabetes and heart disease. The World Hear Federation believes that inactivity is as bad for you as smoking a pack of cigarettes a day. 2. Be a good role model Child obesity is becoming a serious problem. Approximately 26 percent of Canadian kids aged 2-17 are overweight or obese. Even scarier, stats show that for the first time ever, today’s children will have a shorter life expectancy than their parents. With school gym programs being reduced and  screen time on the rise, we need to be our kids’ fitness role models. Encourage fitness by taking family walks after dinner, or trying out the Family Circus class. 3. Exercise boosts energy Winded by grocery shopping or household chores? Regular physical activity can improve your muscle strength and boost your endurance. Exercise and physical activity deliver oxygen and nutrients to your tissues and help your cardiovascular system work more efficiently. And when your heart and lungs work more efficiently, you have more energy to go about your daily chores. 4. Fully enjoy the things you love The more fit you are, the easier it will be for you to take part in the activities you enjoy. Whether it’s going for a hike and experiencing the outdoors, or playing with the kids, you’ll find yourself more able to keep up, and less short of breath. 5. Ease back pain and improve your posture A daily regimen of stretches and exercise can also do wonders for your back. By strengthening your core abdominal muscles, you’ll increase your overall strength, taking the pressure away from your back and helping to alleviate any existing back pain. 6. Take some time for yourself Whether it’s an early morning jog, an afternoon cycle class or a late night walk with the dog, solo exercise gives you the opportunity to have a few moments of peace and quiet, think about future goals, and take some much-deserved â€Å"you† time. It’s also the perfect excuse to listen to your favourite soundtrack while you work out!

The Relationship Between God and Evil Essay -- Christian God and Evil

Evil exists. This bizarre conundrum has perplexed philosophers since the dawn of civilization, and remains in hot debate today because of the theological implications inherent in the statement. To many on this planet, the source of life is an all-loving, all-powerful, omniscient god who created the universe – and all the laws therein – in seven days, as described in the Bible. And yet still, evil exists. How can these two premises be simultaneously true? Surely, an all-loving god would want to do something about this problem, and an all-powerful god could absolutely remedy a situation if it so desired. It seems as though the common perception of the Bible’s god is inaccurate. However, it could be argued that the Bible’s god is accurate, and that said perception is somewhat skewed, considering that on numerous occasions, God claims responsibility for evil. â€Å"I make peace and create evil. I the Lord do all these things.† (Isaiah 45:7). The Greek philosopher Epicurus put the Good God’s Evil puzzle in a very clear logical progression: â€Å"Is God willing to prevent evil, but is not able? Then he is not omnipotent Is he able, but not willing? Then he is malevolent Is he both able & willing? Then whence cometh evil? Is he neither able nor willing? Then why call him God? Of course, this doesn’t truly disprove the biblical God, but it certainly puts it into perspective. According to Christian doctrine, God raised His Son, Jesus, from the dead. This seemingly impossible feat proves, in the minds of believers, that their god is capable of anything. But as indicated by Epicurus, the monumental roadblock of suffering hinders this leap of faith. For example, if God raised Jesus from the dead – and thus intervened in the ... ...lized by – God, Dr. Roth’s Divine Dichotomy of the Christian God is now comparable to the duality of the Eastern yin-yang. â€Å"Good† and â€Å"Evil† are clearly inherent in the universe, and are inevitably built into the fabric of all models of the Divine. Works Cited James, William. The Varieties of Religious Experience. New York: Simon & Schuster Inc, 1902. Laertius, Diogenes, and C, D Yonge. The Lives And Opinions Of Eminent Philosophers. City: Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2006 Mackie, John L. "Evil and Omnipotence." Mind ns 64.254 (1955): 200-12. Http://www.ditext.com. Web. 20 Nov. 2015. Peterson, Michael. â€Å"Toward a Theodicy for Our Day.† Evil and the Christian God. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1982. Roth, John K. â€Å"A Theodicy of Protest.† Encountering Evil: Live options in Theodicy. Ed. Stephen T. Davis. Atlanta: John Knox Press, 1981.

Hannibal and the Battle of Cannae

HANNIBAL AND THE BATTLE OF CANNAE The battle of Cannae was a major battle of the Second Punic War near the town of Cannae, an ancient village in southern part of Italy. The battle took place between the outnumbered Carthaginian army under Hannibal against the Romans under the command of Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Terentius Varro. For the most part, the Romans were overpowered by the undermanned Carthaginian forces. Many historians agree that the battle of Cannae is one of the greatest strategic victories in military history.Numerous historians have examined the possible route Hannibal took from New Carthage to the Pyrenees and then over the Alps to Rome. Along with using scientific data, these historians and scientists allege that there are three possible routes Hannibal may have taken from New Carthage in Iberia across Europe to get to Italy. Scientists and historians do disagree on which route is most accurate do to the fact that the only historical accounts of Hannibal†™s journey are that of Livy and Polybius. Neither historian leaves a very detailed account of the surroundings for Hannibal and his troops.Through paleobotanical reconstruction, attempts have been made to more clearly identify if the places noted by Livy and Polybius resemble any of these places today1. Hannibal came from the very well-known Carthaginian Barca family. His father, Hamilcar Barca was the military leader of Carthage during the first Punic War. At the conclusion of the First Punic War, Carthage's mercenaries revolted and Rome took advantage of her rival's distraction and, in spite of the recent peace agreement, took control of Sardinia and Corsica and forced Carthage to pay a large indemnity2.Carthage finally won the mercenary war, but the loss of Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica left her economic empire crippled and reduced the area from which she could hire troops. After regaining control, the Carthaginians were forced to major war concessions. Of those concessions, Car thage was to pay a war indemnity to Rome and could no longer recruit Italian sailors. Carthage also sent Hamilcar Barca to Iberia to eliminate the Spaniards and build an empire in Spain. Unfortunately, Barca was killed in an ambush at Helice in 229 B. C. E. but not until after he had been able to take over control of the Iberian southern coast.In 226 BC, Hasdrubal reached an agreement with Rome that recognized the Ebro River in northeastern Spain as the northern limit of Carthaginian interest in the area. Five years later, Hasdrubal was assassinated, and Hamilcar's son Hannibal became the leader. At about that time, Rome began involving itself in the affairs of Saguntum, a city on the Mediterranean coast of Spain well south of the Ebro and therefore presumably in Carthaginian territory3. Hannibal viewed the Roman moves as an intervention similar to the ones that had touched off the first war.Hannibal laid siege to the town, which fell after eight months. Hannibal's strategic insight now became evident4. When Hannibal came to the head of the Carthaginian army he took it upon himself to rebuild Carthaginian fortunes by occupying Spain. The Romans had aligned themselves with Saguntum in an attempt to show strength and power against Carthage. Since Carthage's fleet was no longer a match for Rome's, the invasion of Italy would need to occur by land. To that end, Hannibal did his best to speak with tribes in his line of march well in advance of the arrival of conflicts.He also established alliances with various north Italian Celtic tribes that were traditional enemies of Rome. Hannibal's forces were the first civilized army to cross the Alps5. Exposure, desertion, accidents and fierce resistance by mountain tribes reduced his army from 40,000 to 26,000 during the trip, and most of the elephants accompanying the remarkable host also perished. Fortunately, once Italy was reached, the Celtic alliances provided replacements that brought the army back to its original str ength. The Carthaginian troops endured great hardship and suffered serious casualties.Shortly thereafter, Hannibal fought two battles that demonstrated his resolve as a field commander and his determination to destroy rather than merely defeat his enemy. At the Trebia River, only 10,000 Romans escaped an ambush out of 40,000 involved, and at Lake Trasimene, nearly an entire Roman force of 25,000 was killed or captured. From then on, the Romans were hesitant to fight a large-scale engagement. Hannibal was careful to treat prisoners from Rome's allied cities courteously, often freeing them without ransom to encourage dissatisfaction with Rome's cause6.Captured Roman citizens, on the other hand, were held for ransom used to pay Hannibal's men or were often sold into slavery. The Carthaginian army lived off the land causing as much damage to the economy as possible. After victory at Lake Trasimene, Hannibal moved his army to southern Italy in order to recruit additional troops7. This mo ving of troops by Hannibal and their subsequent looting forced the Romans to become more aggressive. Two now consuls, Gaius Terentius Varro and Lucius Aemilius Paulus, were given command of the combined legions of Rome with orders to make an end to the feared Carthaginian.Normally, the two consuls would have independent commands but, when their forces were combined, command of the whole alternated daily. Hannibal's effective intelligence organization soon informed him that Varro was the more rash and impulsive of his opponents, and so Hannibal decided to force an action on a day that Varro was in command of the Roman forces8. Hannibal seized a grain depot to lure the Romans to the site he had chosen for battle. The depot was located at the small village of Cannae, south of Rome.Dawn of that August morning in 216 BC found Hannibal, commander of Carthage's army in Italy, looking down at the plain separating his vantage point from the waters of the Adriatic Sea about three miles away9. The Roman enemy was already advancing with an army of more than 85,000 men, aligned in the standard offensive formation of the dreaded legions. Hannibal's force, some 56,000 in number, faced long odds. The Roman force available for battle was large by the standards of the day. Eight full legions of infantry, some 40,000 men, were improved by 40,000 allied infantrymen.About 2,000 Roman cavalry and 4,000 allied horses completed the army, for a total strength of 86,00010. In battle, the Roman infantry usually advanced on a wide front, with cavalry on the flank. The heavy infantry was led by skirmishers, who opened the fighting with the throwing of javelins. They would then fall to the rear of the formation and were able to pass through the Roman formation because deliberate gaps were left in each line. The basic fighting unit of the heavy infantry was the maniple of about 160 men divided into two centuries.Rather than forming a constant line, the two centuries were deployed one behind the other, leaving the gaps used by the skirmishers. At the point of attack or when in a defensive position, the rear centuries could be moved up to fill the gaps11. The Hastati made up the first line of heavy infantry of the Roman army. They were equipped with a heavy shield, a helmet, light and heavy javelins and a short, straight sword. The Princeps were the second line of heavy infantry. Although armed like the Hastati, the Princeps were omewhat older and more experienced and formed behind those of the Hastati, but were offset to block the gaps in the Hastati line. The third line, made up of the old veteran troops known as the Tritarii, had its centuries form behind the gaps in the second line, giving an overall checkerboard result to the formation. The Tritarii had a thrusting spear in place of the javelin of the first two lines12. In the hands of an experienced commander, the flexibility possible with this formation was useful, particularly against older military formation su ch as the phalanx.Unfortunately, the Roman method of appointing new consuls each year and rotating command daily made it unlikely that the top military talent would be allowed to pursue a logical plan. Roman courage, discipline and patriotism were rarely lacking, but the coming battle of Cannae would highlight the need for changes in the selection and responsibilities of army commander13. Aside from the top leaders, very few Carthaginians were present in Hannibal's army. His army at Cannae consisted of North African, Spanish and Celtic personnel. Perhaps the soundest foot soldiers available to Hannibal were the Libyan-Phoenician heavy infantry.The Phoenicians living in Libya were subject to Carthaginian military service and cleared themselves well. Originally armed like Greek hoplites, they now began equipping with Roman arms captured at the Trebia and Lake Trasimene. In addition to the infantry, 2,000 Spanish cavalry were at Hannibal’s disposal. They were heavily armed and u sed as heavy cavalry, but the outstanding quality of their horses allowed them to rival the speed of the Numidian cavalry14. About 25,000 Celtic infantry and 5,000 Celtic cavalry made up the remainder of Hannibal's force.These people lived for war, but without the guidance of a commander like Hannibal, their absence of discipline made them unpredictable. At the time of Cannae, Hannibal was arming these men with captured Roman weapons. He liked to use the Celts as troops that would cause disruption in enemy ranks prior to sending in his African infantry. At Cannae, the Romans were determined to crush Hannibal's center. They formed deep battle lines in order to bring pressure to stand against the middle of the Carthaginian line. On the Roman right, the legion cavalry, some 2,400 strong, faced Hannibal's Spaniards and Celts, totaling 7,000.The mismatch would prove a decisive element in the battle's surprising outcome. On the Roman left, the 4,000 allied cavalry faced an equal number of Numidians. Hannibal aligned his infantry in an unusual manner. The center of his position was curved, facing outward toward the advancing Romans. The flanks bent backward from the center. Alternating units of Spanish and Celtic swordsmen held this line, and they were greatly outnumbered by the approaching Romans. Hannibal positioned himself at the left end of the line, and his youngest brother Mago, held the right.Each end of the line was anchored by a dense square of African infantry, the location of which guaranteed that they would not be engaged until long after those at the center15. As the Romans advanced, a hot west wind blew dust in their faces and obscured their vision. At a range of about 35 yards, the Romans hurled their light javelins, causing casualties among the Spaniard and Celts. These javelins often caused problems even if they only pierced a man's shield, because the shaft was difficult to remove and weighed the shield down, making the man vulnerable to an onrushin g legionary.At closer range, the heavy javelin was thrown, and then the infantry lines collided, the swift Celts and athletic Spaniards against the disciplined Roman masses. In time, the weight of the Roman assault began to take effect on Hannibal's troops, and the center of the Carthaginian line retreated. As Hannibal's men were forced back, they found themselves slowly backing up a slope Due to the nature of the terrain, the Romans fought uphill as they advanced and at the same time were restricted into a narrowing front as their mass of men entered the ‘V. Although the Roman infantrymen did not know it, their fate was all but sealed by this time. Hannibal had planned for his cavalry to strike the decisive blows while his infantry fought a large-scale delay. As the battle opened, Hannibal launched the Spanish and Celtic cavalry on his left against the outnumbered Roman cavalry16. The consul Aemilius accompanied these cavalrymen but they could not endure the Carthaginian assa ult. Aemilius was wounded and the bulk of the Roman cavalry was driven from the field, exposing that flank of the Roman army.While this occurred on the Carthaginian left, the Numidians on the right had been engaged with the horsemen of Rome's allies17. The Carthaginian cavalry commander on the left, reorganized his units and proceeded to ride behind the Roman infantry to the far side of the battlefield, where the stalemated cavalry fight continued between the Numidians and Rome's allies. The allied horsemen now were taken by surprise and caught between the two Carthaginian forces. The allied cavalry fled the field, taking the consul Varro with them.At this point, Aemilius was dead or dying, and Varro, the other commander, no longer was with the Roman army. The Roman and allied cavalrymen had been killed, captured or driven from the field18. By that time, the Roman infantry had fought its way up the slope and into the enclosed end of the ‘V,' the point. As the men became more t ightly packed into a confined space, fewer of them could use their weapons effectively. Romans in the rear ranks continued to push forward, but found they had little room to maneuver.Hasdrubal, Hannibal’s younger brother, assaulted the Roman rear with his heavy cavalry, assisted by the Carthaginian light infantry. The encirclement was complete. Many Romans first discovered the danger when they realized they were being cut down and hamstrung by the Carthaginian troops. Historians have estimated that the fighting continued until evening and that approximately 600 Romans died per minute of the battle. Cannae represented the apex of Hannibal's career, although he has been criticized for not attempting to end the war by sacking Rome itself at that point.Hannibal remained in Italy for 13 more years, but the determination of the Romans to fight on, regardless of losses, eventually gave them the opportunity to defeat the great Carthaginian. The failure of Carthage to rebuild its flee t in order to challenge that of the Romans made Hannibal's task extremely tough. He attempted to reduce Rome's naval advantage by occupying the Italian coastal cities. If Hannibal had been able to hold them, the odds against the Carthaginian fleet would have improved, but his limited number of troops made it difficult for him to isolate enough garrisons to prevent Roman recapture of the port cities.For 15 years in all, from 218 to 203 BC, Hannibal occupied large areas of Italy. He fought and defeated the Romans on numerous occasions but could not break their spirit19. After Cannae, the Romans again became cautious about entering into full-scale battle against Hannibal, but their command of the sea and the decision to invade Spain, made reinforcement of Hannibal's army difficult. Slowly, the troops who had crossed the Alps with Hannibal decreased in number an in age. But Carthage's absence of naval power prevented Hannibal's alliances with Syracuse and Macedonia from becoming fruitfu l.The Roman navy captured a treaty between Hannibal and Philip V of Macedonia, and by the time the second received a copy and acted on it, the Roman fleet barred his troops from crossing to Italy. In spite of all the complications, Hannibal proved to be a gifted leader able to get the very best from his men. His army was made up of of mercenaries with no real obligation to the Carthaginian cause however no record shows any mutiny during the 5 years in Italy. The army did not more than just survive it maintained a high level of morale and fighting spirit.Spain was taken from Carthage and the Barcid family after Hannibal's brother Hasdrubal repeated a crossing of the Alps with a reinforcement that gave the Romans in Spain a free hand. Hasdrubal was incapable of uniting with Hannibal before being opposed by a strong Roman army in 207 BC. In the ensuing battle, Hasdrubal was defeated and killed20. In October of 203 BC, Publius Cornelius Scipio, the conqueror of Spain, invaded North Afri ca and forced Hannibal to defend Carthage. Hannibal's defeat at Zama at the hands of Scipio in the following spring, caused mostly because of a shortage of cavalry strength, ended the Second Punic War.Hannibal rose to the position of prominence in Carthage after the war and took steps that helped Carthage recover economically from the conflict. Rome viewed Carthage's revival with suspicion, and Hannibal was forced to flee to the east, where he committed suicide in 183 BC rather than fall into Roman hands. Hannibal Barca was one of history’s greatest generals and Rome’s greatest enemy. Although later Roman tradition belittled him, it respected his prowess as a great military commander. Had Hannibal not underestimated the strength of the Romans, he might have rewritten European history.NOTES Mahaney, M. C. ,â€Å"Hannibal’s Invasion Route: An Age-Old Question Revisited within a Geoarchaeological and Palaeobotanical Context. † (Archaeometry vol. 52 (6/2010), 1097 Marcel Le Glay, et al. ,A History of Rome. (Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009), 74 Ibid, 75 John Peddie, Hannibal’s War. (Gloucechesershire: Sutton, 1997), 9 Ibid, 21-26 G. P. Baker, Hannibal. (New York: Barnes & Nobles, Inc. , 1967), 101-104 Ibid, 100 Le Glay, A History of Rome Adrian Goldsworthy, Cannae, (London: Cassel & Co, 2001), 77-81 Ibid, 95Dexter Hoyos, Hannibal Rome’s Greatest Enemy, (Exeter, Bristol Phoenix Press, 2008), 57-59 Goldsworthy, Cannae, 96-99 Hoyos, Hannibal Rome’s Greatest Enemy, 60 Goldsworthy, Cannae, 108-109 Ibid, 111 Peddie, Hannibal’s War, 92-93 Ibid, 94 Theodore Ayrault Dodge, Hannibal, (Boston, Da Capo Press, 1891), 372 Le Glay, A History of Rome, 77 Dodge, Hannibal, 556 BIBLIOGRAPHY Ancient Greece & Rome: An Encyclopedia for Students, vol. 2. Hannibal Baker, G. P. Hannibal. New York: Barnes & Nobles, Inc. , 1967 Dodge, Theodore Ayrault. Hannibal.Boston: DaCapo Press, 1891 Goldsworthy, Adrian. Cannae. London: Cassel & C o, 2001 Hoyos, Dexter. Hannibal Rome’s Greatest Enemy. Exeter: Bristol Phoenix Press, 2008 Le Glay, et al. A History of Rome. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009 Mahaney, M. C. â€Å"Hannibal’s Invasion Route: An Age-Old Question Revisited within a Geoarchaeological and Palaeobotanical Context. † Archaeometry vol. 52 (6/2010): 1096-1109. Peddie, John. Hannibal’s War. Gloucechesershire: Sutton, 1997 Radice, Betty. Livy The War with Hannibal. Translated by Aubrey de Selincourt. Baltimore: Penguin, 1965

Honor killingskillings Essay

It is shocking to see that in today’s era when education and awareness has become the most integral part of human and societal development. Moreover, women empowerment and their role in every walk of lives have changed over the period of time. There are still such hideous practices that are being done in some parts of the world under the disguised name of honor killing and Pakistan being one of the countries which holds the highest rates of honor killings in the world. Karo Kari another name for ignorance. This name originated from the rural areas of interior sindh. It is being practiced in areas of Sindh such as Jacocabad, Sukkur, Khairpur, and Larkana along with other areas of Sindh and some places in Punjab. THE TRIBAL SYSTEM Pakistani society is rich with multiple cultures and ethnic backgrounds. Each of these cultures and people from diversified ethnic groups come from distinct backgrounds and live together hence they have their own traditions and customs which they have been following since years. In the rural areas of Pakistan the tribal system still exists such as areas in the interior sindh. This is where the ‘jirga’ system or commonly known as the â€Å"panchayat† system exists. Under this system the rich and the influential class of the village tends to form a committee and takes decisions on behalf of everyone and the decision given by this group is bound to be accepted by every member of the society. They have their own way of judging the case and passing a verdict on that, they take their own time, they think over it and give the date for the decision. The lower and the poor working class is suppressed under this system as they don’t have any say in it and obliged to follow it. KARO KARI Karo Kari is practiced when the women of the family has brought dishonor to the family name by any means. This could be if the woman has any illicit relations with any man, or an extra marital affair, she could be a rape victim or even if she wants to get married to somebody of her choice she is brutally killed by one of the family members themselves in order to bring back the lost glory and name of the family. It is not just this that an innocent women can be categorized as Kari and killed it is also when the family and the brothers want to keep the property and resolve land disputes she becomes a victim of this murder, for example if a man owes some money to a person and that creditor comes to his place in order to collect the money to his place from another village and stays over night. The person who owes the money would kill his wife next day and declare her a Kari so that he doesn’t have to pay the money . in this way the creditor would choose to leave without taking the money rather being declared as Karo and being killed. Similarly a man can be declared a Karo even if he doesn’t have any kind of affair with a woman but he has any form of dispute with some other tribe and he’ll be killed under the name of honor killing. These killings tend to have the most inhuman ways of torturing some one and sentencing them to death. They will bury the girl alive recently in one of the states of Sindh, Khairpur; a girl was thrown in front of dogs to be torn apart as an act of hour killing. THE RISE IN THE NUMBER OF KILLINGS It is very depressing to see that the trend in the number of killings that has taken place due to this has increased over the years instead of dropping. It is estimated that over the last six years in Pakistan the number of deaths caused by Karo Kari have been more than six thousand which included around 800 men too, so it is not just women who fall for this, there are men too but their number is relatively lower than the women. Different societies have different people and thinking therefore they believe what they are doing is the right way but this practice of suppressing the right of women and taking her right to live is a murderous crime and contradictory to the teachings of Islam. It is that barbaric evil of the society that has to be eliminated completely. Even worse is the fact that the rich and influential class tends to get away with this practice while the poor are helpless and they become the victim. THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT As far as the government and other NGO’s are concerned then in the year 2004 there was an amendment made in the constitution which declared honor killings such as Karo Kari as equal to murder however, this amendment never came into practice because under another clause of the constitution it was stated that the accused can get away with the crime if one gets the consent of the family and in this case of Karo Kari the victims family itself is the one who are doing it therefore nobody can be put to trial as they don’t appear in the police station. It is the government’s duty to look into this matter and they should have made an alteration in the other amendment so that this brutal practice can be put to an end, however no concrete step has been taken to curb this. KARO KARI IS UNJUSTIFIABLE Karo Kari is a cultural shock to anyone who belongs to a civilized, developed and educated society and would condemn it. it is a murder not a punishment there could be any other ways of punishing one for their doings but such act is not justifiable on any grounds, it is barbaric and takes away the freedom of speech and expression. The dominating men in the â€Å"jirga† system have curbed the rights of women in these rural areas. It is actually the sardars who are the influential â€Å"waderas† who tend to encourage this practice as this increases their prestige in the society ,over that they get a compensation from the â€Å"jirga† too. Karo Kari is another name for ignorance, Islam has already restricted the Muslims and it has set punishments for the victim therefore any other act that is being practiced under its name is simply ignorance. In Islam having an illicit sexual relationship is condemned and the accused is whipped not subject to killing. How can one justify the killing of a woman who has been subjected to rape? By declaring such a women Kari and killing her society is depriving the soul from getting justice and instead of taking her out of that trauma one is putting an end to her life. Why are women accused more then men in Karo Kari, it is not that men are more faithful then women it is just that women are weak in these areas and men are strong that is why they are able to get away with it. These â€Å"jirga† have no right to take away the liberty to live from such people; they should work for the benefits of the society by coming to a conclusion on the basis of â€Å"shariah† not merely stay ignorant. Women are not property that their life is kept at stake to resolve land disputes. Moreover the killing is done in the most inhuman way. To bury some one alive, throwing her in front of dogs or to burn her alive is unjustifiable. Such practices were there in the olden days when there was no education and no awareness but it’s shocking that it still exists in our society and nobody has done anything to put an end to it. It is unjustly exploited by the feudal land lords and the elite class of the village who use Karo Kari to resolve their personal matters. One such incident took place when a native of interior Sindh came home after years of hard work from Dubai and brought money back home to start some form of business in his native land. He came in the eyes of the feudal lord due to his money and business. The opportunist wanted to trap him in the case of Karo Kari and he got the opportunity when the man by mistake prayed on the grave of some other women, thinking it to be his wife’s grave. The feudal lord took advantage of this and declared him a Karo; the man not only paid 15million to the land lord in order to save his life, he was kicked out of his home land and his business was taken away. There are many such instances when the influential people of the â€Å"panchayat† system tend to trap others for their own good and they use this practice of Karo Kari as a tool in order to get away with it. It is unfortunate to see that such murders are given the name of honor killings. THE URBAN AREAS VERSUS THE RURAL SETUP The tragedy with these women lies in the fact that they are born in such a set up and society where they are considered as a burden on the family. Girls still cannot compete with the boys and neither can they express their opinion. Sons are preferred over daughters. Daughters are not encouraged to go to school or get exposed to the outside world. Therefore their thinking is confined to just one place. They are expected to do what they are asked for and nothing else. Lives in the urban areas are an extreme opposite view of this. If one may not go far and compare with places in the similar province such as Karachi. The region is developed and modern. It is a cosmopolitan city and comprises of people from all caste, color and creed and they all share different cultures and languages and live altogether. Women here are educated and empowered like never before. They are independent, focused and know exactly what they want out of their lives. They are working as well as having a family and they are doing well in every walk of lives and competing with men. They take their own decisions. The living and culture of these societies varies from the rural areas actually there is no comparison. The two societies share the same religion and language yet again there are differences of opinions and thinking process. The urban life of Karachi is mush more modern and liberal as they are adopting the western culture in their society. Apart from the right to go out or make money, women can dress up the way she wants, socialize, make friends and do whatever she wants to. Girls are actually encouraged to go and study in co education and moreover sent abroad for further education and their families and relatives support them in this. In these urban areas there is no such thing as ‘jirga system. Life is different here justice drawn through legal courts and with the help of police. A rape victim can go to the police and lodge a complaint against the culprit and she has the right to live and fight for her right and nobody can stop her. All kinds of disputes pertaining to property, ownership, marriage or anything are resolved through legal procedure in the courts. After the age of eighteen years the girl and the boy have the right to choose her own life partner and get married to him legally. The concept of honor killings does not exist in these urban areas. This society has its own set of evils and drawbacks such as poverty, corruption, unemployment, terrorism. Women in urban areas are as influential and resourceful then men that they can not be dominated unjustly. Tribal system is a sign of backwardness and illiteracy and refusal to accept this fact is what is leading to what it is today. These two societies have completely different set of values, cultures, traditions and norms that they follow. The living and lifestyles of these people are also different. In the urban areas there are also powerful and influential people who tend to subjugate the weaker class, however that is done in entire different way where the free will of everyone is not included like the â€Å"jirga† system where everyone is bound to listen to them? Life in the urban society has made men and women strong and independent that’s the way they are brought up, whereas the tribal system has put them in a much weaker stand. The practice of Karo Kari is a social issue and it can not come to an end until there is no change in the social structure of the society and in order to change to be there, there has to be awareness and education and the powers of the rich and the land lords needs to be curbed so that they don’t exploit the common man who work for them as their slaves. It should not be encouraged but since it has been following from years and the people in the villages associate it as a matter of prestige and honor that is why is strongly accepted and being followed. It is not being used in villages to make easy money. The men’s of the family tend to kill their own daughter, wives and sisters ruthlessly in order to make easy money. it is actually depressing to see this that in today’s time such type of unjust ways of killings are taking place by the wrongdoers and they are justified on the basis of honor killings. 60% cases of the cases of Karo Kari are reported to be where the accused were innocent and yet killed. Every society and every religion have their own set of limitations which are known to all. Yet again those are not being followed that doesn’t mean that one can make use of it and exploit it on the basis of â€Å"ghayrat†. There are officials in the government who haven’t done anything to stop this practice because they feel it is not wrong, not only men, there are women who are seen in the political setup who have the ability to do something, yet are not doing anything. There are different cultures and people living in one country and each of them have their own problems and drawbacks. Whereas in one province one woman can get married by giving a divorce to her husband and in the other society she is buried alive if she has her own opinion. This tribal system has gone so worse that the people who live under it fear their death and therefore few try to escape and the ones who have money give that and get away with everything. Even if people try to escape these killings the villagers look for them and they kill them whenever and wherever they find them. Education is the key in all this that can reduce the gap and disparity among the two societies and give everyone the freedom to live as an independent citizen. ohou Key words Honor killings in Pakistan Karo Kari and the tribal system Women empowerment

Opinon Essay on Iraqi War-Global Studies

Opinon Essay on Iraqi War-Global Studies John MillerGlobal Studies3-6-05Iraqi War EssayOn March 3, 2004, the United States military invaded Iraq for the following reasons, an imminent threat brought on by the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the tyrannical leadership of Saddam Hussein, Iraq's "homicidal dictator" and his threat of Weapons of Mass Destruction. The reasons for the occupancy of Iraq have been something that have been debated over again and again, and too often people are not properly informed to be debating on the topic, due to the bias media. However, the nation was still prepared to enter the costly "quagmire" of a conflict.A country can go to war for several reasons. One may be simply because one country has been physically attacked by an other. Another is because another country is causing disturbance or bloodshed in that country. Or the country is being forced into submission by another by means of colonization.Carlos Cardoen meets with Iraqi Leader Saddam Huss...These are the only justifiable and moral reasons for going to war with another country. Iraqi's were not the one's who committed the terrorist acts against America; it is a known fact that Saddam Hussein and Osama Bin Laden were hated enemies. Iraq caused no bloodshed in our country, and they caused no trouble in our country at all. If one looks at this in a broad spectrum, they might say the United States is the "bad guy" in the situation. They might also consider if the United States was interested in gaining control of Iraq's oil business, the largest in the world. However, the main reason as of now is to bring democracy to a country filled with chaos and anarchy, also created by the United States.In a 9th grade Global class at Glens Falls High School, a survey was done to...

Glenn T. Seaborg Biography

Glenn T. Seaborg Biography Glenn Seaborg was a scientist who discovered several elements and won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Seaborg was one of the great pioneers of nuclear chemistry in the United States. He was responsible for the actinide concept of heavy element electronic structure. He is credited as co-discoverer of  plutonium and other elements up to element 102. One interesting bit of trivia about Glenn Seaborg is that he may have achieved what the alchemists could not: turn lead into gold! Some reports indicate the scientist transmuted lead into gold (by way of bismuth) in 1980.   Seaborg was born on  April 19,  1912  in Ishpeming, Michigan, and died on February 25,  1999  in  Layfayette, California at age 86.   Seaborgs Notable Awards 1951 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with Edwin McMillan for research with transuranic elements.Between 1946 and 1958, his team added ten new elements to the periodic table.Appointed chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission (1961-1971). President of American Chemical Society in 1976.Element 106 was renamed  seaborgium  in his honor. There was controversy over the element name, as it was issued while Seaborg was still alive.Co-author of approximately 500 scientific articles and many books.Seaborg held over 40 patents, including the only patents ever granted for making chemical elements (curium and americium). Early Nuclear Chemistry and New Element Group - Actinides In February 1941, Seaborg with Edwin McMillan produced and chemically identified the existence of  plutonium. He joined the Manhattan Project later that year and started work on the investigation of transuranium elements and better ways to extract plutonium from uranium. After the end of the war, Seaborg moved back to Berkeley where he came up with the idea of the  actinide  group, to position higher numbered elements in the periodic table of the elements. Over the next twelve years, his group discovered elements 97-102. The actinide group is a set of transition metals with properties similar to each other. The modern periodic table places the lanthanides (another subset of transition metals) and actinides below the body of the periodic table, yet in line with the transition metals. Cold War Applications of Nuclear Materials Seaborg was appointed chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission in 1961 and held the position for the next ten years, serving three presidents. He used this position to champion the peaceful use of atomic materials such as for medical diagnosis and treatments, carbon dating, and nuclear power. He was also involved in the Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty and the Non-Proliferation Treaty. Glenn Seaborg Quotes The Lawrence Berkeley Lab recorded several of Seaborgs most famous quotes. Here are some favorites: In a quote regarding education, which was printed in the New York Times: The education of young people in science is at least as important, maybe more so, than the research itself. In a comment about the discovery of the element plutonium (1941): I was a 28-year-old kid and I didnt stop to ruminate about it, he told the Associated Press in a 1947 interview. I didnt think, My God, weve changed the history of the world! On being a graduate student at Berkeley (1934) and competing with other students: Surrounded by dazzlingly bright students, I was uncertain I could make the grade. But taking heart in Edisons dictum that genius is 99 per cent perspiration, I discovered a pedestrian secret of success. I could work harder than most of them. Additional Biographical Data Full Name: Glenn Theodore Seaborg Field of Expertise: Nuclear Chemistry Nationality: United States High School: Jordan High School in Los Angeles Alma Mater: UCLA and University of California, Berkeley

Marco Polo's Journey to China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marco Polo's Journey to China - Essay Example They were accompanied not only by one hundred wise men but by two Dominican friars, and the two good friars turned back at the first sign of adversity, another local war in the Levant. Aside from the pope’s messages, the only spiritual gift Europe was able to furnish the great Kublai Khan was oil from the lamp burning at Jesus Christ’s supposed tomb in Jerusalem. Yet, in a sense, young Marco, the only new person in the Polos’ party, was himself a fitting representative of the spirit of European civilization on the eve of the Renaissance, and the lack of one hundred learned Europeans guaranteed that he would catch the eye of the Cowan, who was curious about Latins. On the way to the Khan’s court, Marco had the opportunity to complete his education. The journey took three and a half years by horseback through some of the world’s most rugged terrain, including snowy mountain ranges, such as the Pamirs, and parching deserts, such as the Gobi. Marco and his party encountered such hazards as wild beasts and brigands; they also met with beautiful women, in whom young Marco took a special interest. The group traveled numerous countries and cultures, noting food, dress, and religion unique to each. In particular, under the khans’s protection the Polos were able to observe a large portion of the Islamic world at close range, as few if any European Christians had. By the time they reached the khan’s court in Khanbalik, Marco had become a hardened traveler. He had also received a unique education and had been initiated into manhood.

Zeitgeist and architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Zeitgeist and architecture - Essay Example In respect of the building of choice in this paper, Le unite de Habitation du Marseille form Le Corbusier, It is important to underscore the fact that architectonic space is a syntactic language that attempts to transmit concepts through our most basic instincts. Architecture incorporates the reaction in philosophy and the beliefs of a particular time. Such architectural designs have a direct impact on space which also goes in line with time. From time immemorial art has been part of everyday life of people in various cultural settings. This has been the case with the various aspects of the society ranging from structures, interior design of houses, food arrangement patterns and designing of clothes. Various theoretical concepts have been advanced in respect of the philosophical factors that are taken into consideration when designing various buildings. Architecture is one of the oldest sciences that require in-depth understanding of various factors in respect of the desired structur e. A number of modern towns are experiencing increasing demand for housing with a blend of diverse architectural designs (Mitias, 1999). There are various theoretical concepts that are spoken by the structure itself once it is constructed. Architecture captures the space factor which is increasingly becoming scarce in most residential sites. There have been many cases of setting up buildings in a way that they blend with the topography of the site and the cultural affiliation with the immediate society. Various architecture scientists attest to the fact that the contemporary society strives to spare any little space and maximize the allocated site with an expansive interior and relatively slim exterior. It is common to come across a number of features in many cities which still represent the ancient architecture and are mainly taken through renovation with the building technique kept intact. The cultural affiliation of the people is an important factor in designing various architect ural pieces of art. The ancient time is a reflection of the origin of various concepts and socioeconomic and political concepts that dictated a given way of life amongst the members of the community. This explains the diverse architectural features that are found around the world and the cultural association they have with the given community. It is worth to note that the contemporary architecture considers the serenity of the surroundings and the complexity of the social characteristics of the society. This has been brought about by the increasing sensitivity of people towards colors and their blending (Gargiani, Le Corbusier, Rossellini & Piccolo, 2011). It is important to note that any sensitive architectural creation must incorporate the important influence of image to the public when designing a house. Design of a building says more than words about the prevailing culture, and it explains why some of the ancient buildings have kept under the UN conventions on preservation of cu ltural heritage. The contemporary emergence of globalization is driving urban centers towards over population and a beehive of commercial activities. This requires redefinition of planning the town in terms of structures. Space is becoming a great issue and this explains the research on how the architectures and town planners can come up with beautiful and space saving designs. The increasing competition for space is a matter of great concern among various competing demands of an urban center. There is a need for a revised polychromy of architecture. Ultra-modern art has seen most of the houses designed with vibrant colors and attractive interior design with paints that are water resistant for durability (Mitias, 1999). The adoption of

HR Performance Issues and Motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

HR Performance Issues and Motivation - Essay Example HR management literature has well documented the relationship between motivation, job satisfaction, and work performance. Using the theories of motivation, this paper will analyze the inextricable relationship between performance and motivation in the modern business environment. Â  In order to clearly understand the relationship between employee performance and motivation, it is better to consider a real-life situation. For instance, a sales executive (Jim) who has been working at a leading MNC for the last four years fails to meet his sales targets continuously despite periodical increases in his salary and incentives. Jim had acquired his post graduation degree from the Harvard Business School with the 10th rank holder status, and subsequently, he was hired by this MNC through a campus interview. For the first three years, Jim performed outstandingly and received the ‘best performer of the year’ award two times from the sales manager. He was excited to work overtime and performed duties and responsibilities beyond his job requirements. Considering his caliber and short-term achievements and the exemplary commitment to work the management doubled his salary incentives and allowed him free food and accommodation and a brand new company vehicle. In addition, the company agreed to pay his phone and electricity bills. In spite of those attractive offers, Jim’s performance began to decline by the end of the last year. Currently, he is not interested to work overtime and is frequently absent from the office. Jim failed to meet even his sales target for the last five months.

Equilibrium level of national income and government expenditure

Equilibrium level of national income and government expenditure In an open economy, the circular flow model of national income consists of five sectors as shown in figure 1 below. Figure 1: Circular Flow of National Income in a Five Sector Model The figure above illustrates the five sector circular flow model, which can be described as a model based on income flows from one sector of the economy to another in a circular flow motion, which explains the level of national income. The main sectors of the economy include households and firms. In the two sector model consisting only of households and firms, the economy is always at equilibrium. That is Income (Y) is always equal to consumption (C). However, the economy cannot be limited only to these two sectors. The effects of banks, government and international trade must be taken into consideration. These three sectors bring about withdrawals and injections. The financial sector mobilises savings (S) from households and makes investments (I) to firms. The government sector collects taxes (T) from households and makes expenditure (G) on firms. Finally, in the balance of payments sector, part of household income is spent on imports (M) while some revenue is received as exports (X). Since the two sector model always results to equilibrium, any distortion in equilibrium will result from the impact of the other three sectors. From the figure above, the national income is given by: Y = C +S+T+M à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ (I+G+X) For equilibrium to be achieved, total leakages must be equal to total injections. That is, S+T+M = I+G+X. Therefore, the equilibrium level of national income is simply given by: Y=C. The Keynesian cross model shows how consumption is determined. Under normal conditions, households will consume all goods and services produced. In this case, consumption will be exactly equal to income. This is represented by the 45 degree line in figure 2 below. Keynes noted that the relationship between consumption and income could not be perfect as the one depicted by the 45 degree line. He noted that not everybody in the economy earns income but everybody consumes. Therefore, there is a certain amount of consumption that does not depend on income and a certain amount that depends on income. From the foregoing, Keynes suggested the following consumption function (Mankiw, 2009: 497): Where = constant is defined as the consumption that does not depend on income; c is the slope of the consumption function referred to as the marginal propensity to consume. The marginal propensity to consume lies between 0 and 1. This indicates that consumption increases as income increases but the rate of increase in consumption is not as much as the rate of increase in income (Mankiw, 2009: 496). Figure 2: The Keynesian Cross 450 Consumption (C) National income (Y) Y* According to the Keynesian cross model, the equilibrium level of national income Y* is achieved at the point where the consumption function intersects the 45-degree line. At this point, all income that is earned is consumed. This is also the point where the desired level of spending is equal to the national income (Suranovic, 2005). Aggregate demand (AD) is the total or aggregate expenditure of final goods and services in an economy over a given period of time say one fiscal year. The aggregate demand is represented depending on whether it is a closed or open economy. For an open economy, the aggregate demand is given by: Y = AD = C+I+G+X-M For a closed economy, the aggregate demand is given by: Y = AD = C+I+G In the closed economy case, X-M is considered to be zero since there are neither imports nor exports. The aggregate demand curve is downward sloping. It shows the relationship between the quantity of real GDP demanded and the price level (Parkin, 2009: 324). The AD curve is as shown in the figure below. Figure 3: Aggregate Demand (AD) Curve AD Price Level (P) National income (Y) Aggregate supply (AS) refers to the aggregate or total supply of final goods and services or real GDP in an economy over a given period of time. The national income or real GDP is given by: Y = GDP = C+I+G+X-M. Unlike the AD curve, the AS curve is upward sloping. It shows the relationship between aggregate supply of final goods and services and price levels. This is represented in figure 4 below. AS Price Level (P) National income (Y)Figure 4: Aggregate Supply (AS) Curve Figure 5: Aggregate Demand-Aggregate Supply Framework (Macroeconomic Equilibrium) AS Price Level (P) National income (Y) Y* P* AD Macroeconomic equilibrium is defined as a situation where aggregate demand and aggregate supply are equal without any tendency for change (Chiang and Wainwright, 2005: 30). At this point a given price level ensures that the final goods and services demand is exactly equal to the final goods and services supplied. As shown in figure 5 above, this price level is referred to as the equilibrium price level (P*) and the real GDP or national income at this price level is the equilibrium level of national income (Y*). At this level of national income, the aggregate supply curve intersects the aggregate demand curve. Multiplier effect caused by an Increase in Government Expenditure From the circular flow model above, a multiplier effect from government expenditure will lead to an increase in government expenditure. Firms will increase investment in capital goods, employment will increase, and wages will increase. The increase in wages will lead to an increase in consumption, savings and taxes. Both imports and exports will also increase. In the long-run, the total amount of leakages will exactly equal the total amount of injections. There will be an overall increase in national income and the equilibrium level of national income will be higher than before. Using the Keynesian Cross, an increase in government expenditure will result to an increase in national income through increases in wages, consumption, savings, investment, imports and exports. 450 Consumption (C) National income (Y) Y* Y1* As income rises, the average propensity to consume (APC) which measures slope of the line from the origin to the consumption function will decrease (Mankiw, 2007: 497). This will lead to an increase in the equilibrium level of national income from Y1*. AS Price Level (P) National income (Y) Y* P* AD AD1 AS2 In the AD/AS model, an increase in government expenditure will result to an increase in aggregate demand. An increase in aggregate demand will motivate firms to increase investment. Employment will increase leading to an increase in wages. Savings will increase as well as taxes. In addition imports and exports will rise. The overall effect will be an increase in aggregate supply and aggregate demand. This will result to a rightward shift in the aggregate demand and supply curves as shown in figure 6 below. Consumer Confidence If consumer confidence is high, people tend to consume more of current income. In the circular flow model, the multiplier effect will be higher if consumer confidence is high. That is the respond to an increase in government spending will be higher than the case would be if consumer confidence is low. Households will consume more of their current levels of income as they anticipate an increase in future income. In like manner, firms will increase investment, employment will increase, and savings will reduce. Moreover, taxes will increase as well as imports and exports. In the Keynesian cross model, consumer confidence will lead to an increase in the marginal propensity to consume. People will be willing to consume more of their current incomes as they anticipate increases in future incomes. In terms of the AS/AD framework, a higher consumer confidence will lead to a significant increase in aggregate demand. This will in turn result to higher rates of investment spending, taxes, imports and exports. The overall impact will be a rightward shift in the AS and AD curves to establish a new equilibrium level of national income.

Conversations of Nanko and Konan :: Writing Education Communication Essays

Conversations of Nanko and Konan Nanko: Allow me to introduce myself. My name is Nanko. Talking with me is my colleague and friend, Konan. Say hello, Konan. Konan: Hello, Konan. Nanko: No, I mean say hello to the reader. Konan: Hello to the reader! Nanko: Perfect. Konan: Thank you. Nanko: Prior to your arrival (your meaning you, the reader,) Konan and I were having a little discussion. In reality, I was doing all the discussing in this conversation because I was, to put it bluntly, complaining vigorously. Konan: Most vigorously. Nanko: Yes, thank you for the affirmation, Konan. As I was saying, my complaining was the reality of the discussion. What was the reason of these incessant complaints, you might ask? An English professor from whom I am taking a course entitled "Expository Writing." Konan: Yes, that was the basis of your complaints. Nanko: Of course, these complaints are in no way directed at the professor himself. No, no, no. In fact, he seems like an affable man. Rather, these complaints relate to his latest assignment given to the students of his "Expository Writing" class. Konan: I would have to agree that you are in no way slighting this particular professor, only his expectations held for you. Nanko: Yes, I like the first half of your statement, but what is meant by the latter half? Konan: In saying expectations I refer to the assignment he has given you. Nanko: You have confused me. By using the term "expectations," do you mean the professor's expectation that a paper will be handed-in to him on this exact due date of December 16, and, if not, this paper will go down in its score with every late day thereafter? Or do you refer to a "higher form" of expectation, such as a teacher to a student and the process of learning and gaining knowledge through stimuli, created by the teacher, of thought? Konan: I, uh, would have to agree. Nanko: Let us return later to this; now, let me tell of this assignment. This professor is asking for a paper written unlike any I, personally, have ever written before. He wants us, as writers, to do away with "themewriting" altogether and write in a different style or form. However, as you can see, I have started to panic. I have never written an essay or paper in any form other than "themewriting." I have no idea where to begin, how to continue, or where to conclude.